Miglitol

Miglitol Miglitol (CAS No. 72432-03-2) is an oral alpha-glucosidase inhibitor used to manage type 2 diabetes mellitus by reducing postprandial blood glucose spikes. With a molecular formula of C₈H₁₇NO₅ and a purity of 98%, it appears as an off-white to light yellow crystalline powder. Chemical and Physical Properties CAS Number : 72432-03-2 Molecular Formula : C₈H₁₇NO₅ Molecular Weight : 207.22 g/mol Melting Point : 144.0–148.0°C Boiling Point : 453.7°C at 760 mmHg Density : 1.458 g/cm³ Optical Rotation : -7.0° to -9.0° (c=5 in H₂O) Refractivity : 1.598 Mechanism of Action Miglitol inhibits intestinal alpha-glucosidase enzymes, which are responsible for breaking down complex carbohydrates into absorbable monosaccharides like glucose. By delaying carbohydrate digestion, it reduces post-meal blood glucose levels and improves glycemic control . Applications Type 2 Diabetes Management : Used alongside diet and exercise to regulate blood sugar, particularly in patients unresponsive to dietary adjustments alone. Combination Therapy : Often prescribed with sulfonylureas or insulin for enhanced glycemic control. Dosage and Administration Standard Dose : 25–100 mg taken orally three times daily, immediately before meals. Forms : Available as 25 mg, 50 mg, and 100 mg tablets. Storage Store at 2–8°C for long-term stability. Safety and Side Effects Common Adverse Effects : Flatulence, abdominal pain, and diarrhea (typically mild and transient). Hypoglycemia Risk : Low when used as monotherapy but possible when combined with other antidiabetic agents. Contraindications : Severe renal impairment or inflammatory bowel disease. Pharmacokinetics Absorption/Excretion : Minimally absorbed systemically; excreted unchanged via the kidneys. Special Populations : No dosage adjustments needed for elderly patients or those with mild-to-moderate renal/hepatic impairment. In summary, Miglitol is a first-line or adjunct therapy for type 2 diabetes, offering targeted postprandial glucose control with a well-tolerated safety profile. Its molecular formula (C₈H₁₇NO₅) and pseudomonosaccharide structure make it distinct from other antidiabetic agents. Citations: https://www.tocris.com/products/miglitol_4985 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miglitol https://pdb101.rcsb.org/global-health/diabetes-mellitus/drugs/alpha-glucosidase-inhibitors/drug/miglitol/miglitol https://taylorandfrancis.com/knowledge/Medicine_and_healthcare/Pharmaceutical_medicine/Miglitol/ https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/DB00491 https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Miglitol https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK547878/ https://reference.medscape.com/drug/glyset-miglitol-342716